*Real regional superpowers have a real military-industrial complex.
http://indesec-expo.com/index.html
*And it needs to work against naked, suicidal marauders with nothing but an AK carbine
and some shoes cut from tire treads:
"Prevention of trans-border and trans-LoC infiltration by militants has been one of the greatest challenges for the security forces. While there is a sizable army and other security forces deployment all along the border and LoC; there are large gaps which are exploited during various weather and climatic conditions for movement of infiltration groups supported by guides who know every inch of the area.
"Human deployment alone cannot detect and prevent such movement. Surveillance of the area with application of technology is therefore imperative. This paper deals with the essential requisites of surveillance and technologies that may be employed without reference to any specific terrain or sector.
"Technology and devices forming part of an effective surveillance grid are discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.
Satellite Imagery - Very high-resolution satellite imagery is now available to carryout continuous surveillance of designated areas. The image quality is so fine that a person can easily be detected and it is possible to accurately count people or weapon systems deployed in any specified area. Their real time movement can be followed. Satellite imagery is invaluable in detecting changes in the designated area such as new constructions, deployment and movement of special weapons, levels of water in dams and reservoirs and concentration of troops. Satellite information enables engagement of hostiles in depth and provides more reaction time.
Synthetic Aperture Radars - Irrespective of the distance from the object terrain, weather and visibility conditions, synthetic aperture radars provide very high resolution digital pictures. These radars can be mounted on elevated platforms, natural heights, UAVs and surveillance aircraft. In a fixed mounting mode they can be used for uninterrupted surveillance while on UAV and aircraft, and their use can be mission oriented. These radars cover area according to the height at which they are deployed while their resolution is independent of range. The information received from the radar can be projected on a screen simultaneously at successive command levels via a secure communication network.
Thermal Imaging - Thermal imagery devices are most invaluable for ground based surveillance for both manned and unmanned systems. A large variety of thermal imagery devices can be used simultaneously to cover the complete terrain. The digital images can be projected on a common screen on which other surveillance devices images are also projected. This provides assurance, confirmation and redundancy in the system which is most essential and fail safe. The advantage of thermal devices over any other system is that due to thermal signature, they can detect human movement even behind foliage, vegetation of walls. They can detect dummies from real and even routes that have been recently taken by the hostiles. Combination of vertical or oblique images provided by UAVs and horizontal images provided by thermal devices is of immense value.
Unattended Ground Sensors - These are versatile devices capable of simultaneous or selective sensing of seismic vibration, electromagnetic and audio signals. When places along likely routes of infiltration, these devices can continue to function on battery power for several days and remain undetected. A grid formed by such devices provides accurate location and direction of movement of hostiles. These can be switched on and off from a central control to conserve batteries and lie in dormant mode. These devices can be deployed both in wireless and in wired mode depending upon the type of camouflage available and distance from control. These devices also may be deployed on own side of LoC to detect ex filtration and move of local guides and porters in support of hostiles.
Detection and Monitoring of Communications - Hostiles use various modes of communications such as mobile phones, satellite phones and VHF / UHF radio sets. Broad spectrum scanning of electromagnetic media is essential to detect communications. Once detected, it needs to be identified, recorded and transmitted on need to know basis for counter action. Under certain circumstances such communications need to be jammed while in others it is advantageous to listen in and gain information. Hence there is a need for high power jammers, versatile recording and relaying devices.
Establishment of Surveillance Grid - In order to make full use of information received from various devices, it is essential that the information is processed, interpreted and disseminated to various levels of command in real time. To this end it is necessary to have a station where inputs from all devices are received and, through secure communication means, transmitted laterally and vertically in the command structure. Based on need to know principle, the areas of interest and influence designated to each sub unit, unit or formation; the size and sources of information are determined.
Integration of Weapon Systems In Surveillance Grid - Under certain conditions, the surveillance grid or devices may be linked to automatic operation of weapons to protect vital targets or to act against fleeting hostiles.
MODERNISATION AND KEEPING PACE WITH TECHNOLOGY...
